A Step Backwards?

July 13, 2009 Gary Zimmerli

I have been spending a lot of time this past week reading the ESV, particularly the Gospel of Luke, with occasional forays into the Pauline letters and the Old Testament prophets. I have been doing this as a serious effort to “make my peace” with the ESV.

You see, I have had a hard time with the ESV for several years now, because the way I viewed the ESV marketing which demonized Zondervan’s new (at that time) translation known as the TNIV. I felt, and still do, that those who were promoting the ESV did a major injustice to the TNIV and the Committee on Translation. And it remains difficult for me to forgive them for tearing down an excellent Bible translation, and promoting what I saw as a warmed-over old translation (the RSV).

Be that as it may, I have been trying to read the ESV with an open mind.  The powers-that-be at Zondervan/IBS  seem to have given up the fight for supremacy and  have surrendered to Crossway and their ESV. Now I own three TNIVs and one ESV, and will continue to use them, but if we’re nearing the end of the line for the TNIV (and I don’t really know that we are), I figure maybe I should try using the ESV more.

What I have found in reading the ESV is a translation that has much the same feel of the old Revised Standard Version I grew up with. Of course there are changes: no “thees and thous”, and so-called “liberalisms” have been changed to match traditional orthodox theology. The style of writing in the ESV is certainly old; perhaps not necessarily “archaic”, but much older than what we see in true contemporary translations. It reads like what it is, a third generation revision of the KJV. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing, because when you get into the ESV, (at least for someone my age) it’s really quite comfortable. It’s like a pair of old, well-worn shoes. It fits. You have the sense that you are reading something which was written thousands of years ago, so it should feel old. Old words are used, words that we don’t use in everyday conversation any more. You have to put on your thinking cap, and maybe even have a dictionary handy, when you read and try to understand the ESV.

In a way I really kind of like it.

But is it a good thing to take what appears to be a step backwards in this age of new translations into “English-as-we-speak-it-today”?

I find it to be just as comfortable to take a step backwards from the TNIV to the “venerable old” NIV!  The advantage of the NIV is that it has been used so extensively over the past three or four decades that it’s familiar to a great many Bible scholars as well as regular folks who like to read and study the Bible. It, too, is comfortable, and it’s certainly easier to understand than the ESV.

Let me put it this way: I am of a generation that grew up with the RSV, so the ESV is comfortable   – but -   I also really got into Bible study with the NIV, not with the RSV. The NIV was always so much easier to understand, yet it was still very close to the originals in meaning. It was still more word-for-word than its critics have always claimed. That’s why we tend to call it a “mediating” translation these days. It’s certainly not a free-form, dynamic, functional equivalence translation like some of the newer ones are. And as such, it has proven to be quite a good translation for more extensive Bible study, as well as use in the churches.

So if we’re going to take a step backwards, I think I’m more comfortable with the NIV than with the ESV.

  1. July 13, 2009 at 12:32 pm | #1

    I am a teen that grew up with NIV at church, and at home I moved from (younger to older) a copy of the NIrV, then God’s Word Translation, and finally NCV. Once I got serious about Bible study, I had no trouble moving into more literal translations. Within a month I got the three most used formal equivalence translations. First I got ESV, then I got a study Bible from my mom, then I got my own, leaving me with ESV, NASB, and NKJV. I have managed just fine.

    • Gary Zimmerli
      July 13, 2009 at 4:30 pm | #2

      Jake, that sounds pretty good to me! All three of those are good for study. What kind of study Bibles are they?

      • July 13, 2009 at 4:48 pm | #3

        ESV Thinline, Nelson NKJV (from mom), MacArthur NASB, and I just got a free for my donation Reformation Study Bible ESV in the mail today.

  2. July 13, 2009 at 3:22 pm | #4

    I, too, have been reading more and more from the ESV the past few months. I’m pretty much over my bitterness regarding the ESV marketing blitz.

    My (replacement) Cambridge NRSV arrived last Friday and I’ve been reading it since then to reacquaint myself with it.

    The replacement has the same problem, though not as severe (yet) as the one I returned. I don’t know what to make of this. That makes three in a row now.

    As for a step backwards, I think it wise to find one primary translation and then use one from each of the other two groups, the three groups being formal, mediating and dynamic.

    I feel your pain.

  3. Gary Zimmerli
    July 13, 2009 at 4:36 pm | #5

    Stan, I agree with you about using all three groups. I tend to change those individual translations from time to time, though. Right now I’m starting to lean towards the ESV for formal, and I’m also leaning to the NIV a little bit instead of the TNIV in the mediating group.

    I’m finding myself using the mediating translation for more and more general Bible reading and study, and going to the formal when I get curious as to whether the mediating is accurate or not.

    I hope you have better luck with your NRSV this time. I can’t believe you’re having so much trouble with a Cambridge Bible! I would have given up by now.

  4. July 14, 2009 at 8:09 am | #6

    I also use the 2002 RCC Revision of the RSV, which is almost identical to the ESV, but it properly translates John 20:23, which ESV mangles badly (as does NIV, but not as badly). It is published by Ignatius Press in San Francisco. The font is clear, the pages do not bleed through, and it is not a thick Bible (especially considering it has the Apocrypha, too). I like it better than ESV.

    BTW, read Luke 1:53 in ESV out loud (be sure not to read into the text what you think it says) and see what you think about rhythm and cadence.

    Rich

    • July 14, 2009 at 8:38 am | #7

      Rich,
      Luke 1:53?

      Regarding John 20:23, which you say the ESV mangles badly, what do you mean?

      How does the RCC Revision translate these two verses?

      Thanks.

  5. July 14, 2009 at 9:25 am | #8

    Luke 1:53 (both RSV and ESV RCC):
    he has filled mthe hungry with good things, and the rich nhe has sent empty away.

    In normal English it should read:
    he has filled mthe hungry with good things, and the rich nhe has sent empty away

    =========

    John 20:23

    ESV: If you forgive the sins of anyone, they are forgiven; if you withhold forgiveness from anyone, it is withheld.

    NKJV: If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.

    In the Greek the word κεκράτηνται has the sense of “hold fast, or retain” (BAGD, 448). The ESV misuses the word “withhold” in this context. Notice that it appears as if the ESV is claiming that disciples are controlling the forgiveness – “they are lording it over someone by withholding forgiveness.”

    However, in the Greek, it is clear that what the disciples retain or hold against the person are the sins (plural), not forgiveness.

    ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀφέωνται αὐτοῖς
    “if ever of whom you forgive the sins, they are forgiven to/for them”

    ἄν τινων κρατῆτε κεκράτηνται.
    “if ever of whom …. you retain, they have been (and are still) retained.”

    Note, the parallel construction of the sentence. The direct object in the first part is “the sins” (τὰς ἁμαρτίας); the indirect object is “to them” (αὐτοῖς). In the Greek of the second part of the sentence, the direct object and the indirect object are not supplied. But normal Greek structure means that the direct object and indirect object previously mentioned would carry over. Thus, the second line would translate:

    “if ever of whom [the sins] you retain, they are retained [to them]”

    Note that ESV changes this, so that it takes the verb of the first part of the sentence and makes it into a noun to be used as the direct object in the second phrase. I don’t know of any other case in which such a practice is followed, especially by a translation that favors an “essentially literal” approach.

  6. July 14, 2009 at 9:28 am | #9

    Ah, nuts. the Luke 1:53 isn’t correct as posted. (Last two words are what causes the problem)

    Luke 1:53 ESV/ RSV

    he has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent empty away.

    Normal English:
    he has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty.

    • July 14, 2009 at 10:11 am | #10

      Rich, You may be looking at an older ESV. The 2007 update reads he has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty.

      Regarding John 20:23, it seems to me that the wording if you retain the sins of any, they are retained also sounds like it is claiming that disciples are controlling the forgiveness. I see your point on the verb/noun usage and the direct/indirect object. I guess I don’t see this as a case of mangles badly. The meaining in both cases seem to be in the ballpark. But what do I know? ;)

  7. Gary Zimmerli
    July 14, 2009 at 10:54 am | #11

    Stan & Rich, the ESV I am using is (I think) the earliest version of it, which I bought just weeks after it came on the market. It says, “…the rich he has sent away empty.”

    • July 14, 2009 at 11:05 am | #12

      It’s not listed on Rick Mansfield’s comparison between ESV 2001 and 2007 editions for the Gospels. The only older ESV I have says copyright 2000, 2001 though. Is it possible you have a 2000 edition? It does read as you said in the RSV.

      • Gary Zimmerli
        July 14, 2009 at 11:25 am | #13

        Now you got me thinking, Jake. My printed ESV is at home; I’ll have to check it this evening. The ESV on Bible Gateway says it’s the 2001 version, and it reads “…the rich he has sent away empty.” I wonder if maybe they loaded the 2007 version onto their site, and neglected to change the copyright date or something.

        Anyway, I’m always glad to see improvements in translations. ;-)

    • July 14, 2009 at 3:28 pm | #14

      The print Bible I have is copyrighted 2001, and probably was printed soon after. I just checked the module in Accordance it has the revised version of Luke 1:53.

      I had submitted both Luke 1:53 and John 20:23 for changes when that was requested by the ESV translation committee (~2 years ago). Good to see at least the Luke passage was changed. I had hoped that John 20:23 would be especially changed.

  8. July 14, 2009 at 3:34 pm | #15

    Now if they can change the following awkward English phrasings:

    Isaiah 10:7 ( But he does not so intend,
    and his heart does not so think;
    but it is in his heart to destroy,
    and to cut off nations not a few)

    Isaiah 22:17 (He will seize firm hold on you)

    Isaiah 63:10 (therefore he turned to be their enemy, and himself fought against them)

    Jeremiah 12:6 ( they are in full cry after you)

    Jeremiah 12:11 (but no man lays it to heart)

    Jeremiah 31:8 (Behold, I will bring them from the north country and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth, among them the blind and the lame, [b]the pregnant woman and her who is in labor[/b], together.)

    Ezekiel 24:5 (Take the choicest one of the flock;
    pile the logs under it;
    boil it well;
    seethe also its bones in it.)

    [Is that the normal usage of the word "seethe"?]

    • Gary Zimmerli
      July 14, 2009 at 3:57 pm | #16

      “[Is that the normal usage of the word "seethe"?]“

      I’ve never seen it used that way in modern English, Rich.

      Seeing all these weird verses in the ESV, it makes me wonder if maybe I shouldn’t stick with my NIV, or TNIV, or NASB, or… ;-)

      Do you think, Rich, that these are leftovers from the RSV that haven’t been updated yet? As far as that goes, why on earth don’t they update such passages???

      • July 14, 2009 at 4:57 pm | #17

        There are plenty of weird words in the NASB, as it is on a higher reading level and is older.

        The NIV contains quite a few here. While I think some are valid, check out this list from a KJV-onliest: http://www.av1611.org/kjv/vanceniv.html

      • July 14, 2009 at 6:34 pm | #18

        My wife has been a NAS user since 1978 and has never cared for the NIV. But we began using “The Books of the Bible” (TNIV) for our devotions several months ago. I was surprised by how much she liked it (readability). We gave that one to one of our grandchildren, back in March. Since then we have used Treasury of Daily Prayer (CPH) which uses ESV. It is a harder book to read orally. But my wife kept talking about us getting another copy of the TNIV, which I just ordered this week.

        I regularly use the NAS (also since 1978) and I use the NKJV thinline that a friend gave me a few months ago. I like both translations better than the ESV.

        “Leftovers from RSV”. Definitely! I commented early on that the ESV felt like a stage two draft that needed a re-write to be a presentable translation. Why didn’t they update? That is a good question. It might be that they were trying to get it out the door to compete with the other translations coming on the scene. But still… sigh.

  9. July 14, 2009 at 4:36 pm | #19

    Rich, yes, I looked at my ESV 2007 edition and it looks like it has been corrected to: “sent away empty.” Good for ESV. I hope you sent in your proposed changes to Crossway.

    Stan, I’m with you. I’ve gotten over the embittered ESV fiasco and I hope Crossway has toned it down a bit. But I think most of the noise was coming from ESV fanatics who contributed to the TNIV-bashing.

    Gary, I hope you’ll come around too.

    • July 14, 2009 at 6:36 pm | #20

      Yes, Kevin, I submitted all these to the Crossway team for changing the ESV. I have not heard about whether they were all changed or only the Luke 1:53. Strange silence about all that.

  10. Gary Zimmerli
    July 15, 2009 at 7:54 am | #21

    I took a look at my printed ESV last night. It’s copyright 2001, and it does say “sent empty away.”

    Sorry if I caused any confusion over that. I myself was confusing my printed Bible with the one on Bible Gateway that I was using here at work.

  11. Gary Zimmerli
    July 16, 2009 at 10:08 am | #22

    I just noticed a comment from Jake in my spam file, and approved it. It’s up above a little ways. It includes a link from some KJV-onlys, which could be why it hit the spam filter.

    Anyway, sorry I didn’t notice it until now, Jake.

    • July 16, 2009 at 10:13 am | #23

      It’s quite okay. Thank you for approving it!

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